Nazi Germany and Persecution (1920-1939)

Background Information

Germany’s defeat in World War I triggered political extremism that led to the rise of the Nazi party and state, setting the stage for mass persecution and World War II.

By 1933 Adolf Hitler ruled Germany. With Storm Troopers (SA) and Protection Squads (SS), his government established concentration camps for “State Enemies,” sterilizing the disabled while spreading racial propaganda. Boycotts and legislation excluded Jews from German society. The year 1938 saw the Anschluss, incorporating Austria into greater Germany; the Munich Agreement, neutralizing international opposition to allow annexation of parts of Czechoslovakia; deportation of Polish Jewish citizens to Poland (Polenaktion); and the devastating Kristallnacht pogrom.


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SA Dagger
1933–1945
Object number: 2020.8.6a-b
Hitler Youth bugle
1933 - 1945
Object number: 1083.98
Hitler Youth summer jacket
1933 - 1945
Object number: 1082.98
SS guard pin
1945
Object number: 191.91
Police document issued to Abraham Gurfinkel
1938-10-28
Object number: 1999.A.20
Meidet Jüdische Geschäfte!
1935
Object number: 500.96
Nazi Dagger with holder
1939
Object number: 2500.89.1-2
Gesundheitspass of Johann Riessling
10/15/1937
Object number: 2352.89
Die Nuernberger Gesetze
1938-03
Object number: 18.90
Hitler youth medal awarded to Hans Sukowski
1938-10-01
Object number: 799.98
Zigeuner rubber stamp
c. 1944
Object number: 1137.92
Two stones from Frankfurt Synagogues stored in a film canister
1938-11-09 - 1938-11-30
Object number: 171.96.1-3
Nazi Metal Pin - SA sports badge
1867
Object number: 2469.89
Passport issued to Elsa Gunzenhauser
1938-12-05
Object number: 454.98
Illustrated album of German uniforms
Object number: 1999.A.138ab
Banner, KZ Dachau
1933-1945
Object number: 2001.A.74
Passport of Herta "Sara" Hamlet, with J
1/12/1939
Object number: 2001.A.337
Birthday photo album for Heinrich Himmler
1934
Object number: 2007.A.241a-f
Hitler election poster
1932
Object number: 2008.A.167
Radio
1938
Object number: 2005.A.13
Mein Kampf
1927
Object number: 2006.A.140
Authorization for Jewish doctors
1936
Object number: 722.89.1
Engagement ring of Martha Isaak
1938
Object number: 2020.7.1
Scarf made by Paul Konopka
1937
Object number: 812.91
Nazi Flag 25/9
1933–1945
Object number: 2020.8.1
1933–1945
Object number: 2021.1.2a
1933–1945
Object number: 2021.1.2b
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